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Breweries employ numerous heat-giving processes, especially during brewing and fermentation, so most breweries have industrial ammonia refrigeration plants, which work like classic refrigeration units. There, the gaseous ammonia gets compressed, condensed, and distributed to the applications where heat has to be taken out off. Here an expansion valve reduces pressure so the liquid ammonia can absorb the heat from the process fluid to be cooled, evaporating the liquid ammonia. At this point, the ammonia, carrying latent and sensible heat, is sucked back to the compressors, and the cycle begins again.
This thesis analyses the ammonia refrigeration plant of the brewery Göss, one of the largest breweries in Austria, which requires about 20% of electrical energy and consumes nearly one quarter of the brewery’s water usage. Currently, rising energy costs necessitate making the refrigeration plant more efficient. Hence, research should investigate the future cooling capacity load of the plant to discover how to make the cooling process operate more efficient. To discover how the system operates, this thesis elaborates on the basic theoretical foundation of refrigeration plants and their thermodynamic fundamental principle.
To create the mentioned forecast, this study examines process recordings and evaluations of the main consumers cooling demand. These selected apparatuses are the external beer cooler, the brew water cooler for cooling the hot wort, which is the beer mixture before the fermentation and the fermentation process itself in two different types of tanks. Using these data, the researcher creates abstracted load forecasts for these consumers to control the delivering pumps of liquid ammonia to the right amount of mass flow.
Subsequently, the process recordings of the fermentation tanks are divided into four different process phases. These stages need various quantities of cooling fluid, and the last stage, the main cooling and draining phase, requires the largest amount of liquid ammonia delivered. Finally, the external beer cooler and brew water cooler are investigated as recurring and evenly ongoing processes so that they are predictable in the cooling load.
In closing, the researched recordings provide an overview and abstracted view of the cooling load required by the selected consumers. Additionally, further investigation could investigate the possibility of controlling distributing pumps to deliver the sufficient amount of refrigerant medium, at the right time, in a more efficient way.
Many small and medium size rock and heavy metal bands and booking companies have been faced with serious economic challenges, even before the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. An ever-increasing number of bands ready to tour, in the limited European key markets, driven to off-set declining physical album sales and small revenue incomes by digital streaming providers, have resulted in a cannibalization of the live touring market, further fuelled by an aging customer segment unable or unwilling to attend live events. The main objective of this thesis is to present a plan of action, on how booking companies and bands can implement new technological opportunities to their current business set-up to enhance customer service and raise fan satisfaction.
The conducted literature analysis provides an insight of the current state of the music industry and the past touring business model including some actual band case studies. It further reports the current and future upcoming technological trends that could become relevant for small and medium size booking companies and bands.
The theoretical result identifies digital streaming and hybrid live events as the most realistic business venue to increase customer numbers and additional revenue streams; particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic and the years that will follow.
A customer survey and a customer focus group workshop were conducted, to identify the most important customer needs. They identified current and future customer obstacles, and hesitations to join a digital event and the success factors, that when applied, result in customer excitement.
The empirical research results provide an opportunity to booking companies and bands to implement various customer needs to increase ticketing and merchandising revenues, while attracting new customers and enhance customer loyalty.
Are Influencers influential?
(2023)
This study investigates the impact of influencer marketing on winter tourism in Austria. The main objectives were to determine whether influencer marketing affects the decision-making process of tourists and whether trust in influencers affects destination choice and leads to changes in travel behavior. The study also aimed to investigate the influence of authenticity, empathy, and closeness on trust in influencers. The data was collected by means of a survey distributed via QR codes in ski resorts. The study used binary logistic regression analysis and linear regression analysis to analyze data collected through a survey. The results suggest that trust in an influencer is an important factor in travel destination choice, but the results were not statistically significant. Overall, this study offers insights into the role of influencer marketing in winter tourism and highlights the importance of trust in the decision-making process of tourists.
Brand Activism
(2023)
In today’s world, capitalism, global warming, pandemic, and political inequality have found their ways in society’s midst and have fuelled each other into an “ecosystem of wicked problems”. This has led brands like Ben & Jerry’s, Patagonia, and Benetton to make it their mission to impact social and environmental issues positively through taking a stand and influencing different points in that ecosystem. These actions can be summarized as brand activism. As Brand Activism is a relatively young field of study, this master thesis aims to investigate the factors influencing consumer perception towards brands participating in socio-political issues using a qualitative research methodology. The author conducted semi-structured interviews with 21 consumers and marketing experts in Austria. The findings include four main factors influencing consumer perception, which are (1) relevance, (2) brand reputation, (3) awareness, and (4) consumer behaviour, leading to the conclusion, that brands that align with consumers' values and beliefs, and are perceived as authentic, consistent, impactful, and relevant, are viewed positively. This study contributes valuable insights for managers seeking to engage in social and political issues effectively. The findings offer a basis for future research and the development of a propositions. The thesis highlights the importance of Brand Activism and provides guidance for managers to create more thoughtful and targeted responses to consumer needs.
This master thesis discusses AI technologies and applications such as ChatGPT and their potential implications for professional copywriters. More specifically, this study seeks to clarify whether ChatGPT is a threat to the copywriter's profession or merely serves as a helpful tool in the creative process. The literature review carried out indicates the importance of creativity in advertising and its potential role in influencing consumer perception and behaviour. Thus, the research goal addressed in this study is to compare consumer perceptions of AI-generated and human-written advertising copy in terms of creativity. Based on prior research, it was expected that human intervention has a positive impact on the evaluation of (creative) output (H1). Furthermore, a positive correlation was assumed between attitudes towards (creative) AI and the evaluation of AIgenerated advertising copy (H2). For the purpose of testing these two hypotheses, an online questionnaire survey with a sample of 75 participants was conducted. The results suggest that the first hypothesis cannot be fully supported by the data. Nevertheless, significant differences were found in the evaluation between the two advertising copies. As for the second hypothesis, there seems to be no positive correlation between attitude towards (creative AI) and the evaluation of AI-generated advertising copy. With the EU AI Act still being drafted and some researchers calling for AI-generated content to be labelled, the findings of this study hold scientific and managerial significance by revealing consumer perceptions of AI-generated copy and providing insights for advertising professionals.
Brand Activism
(2023)
Despite growing attention to brand activism and the divergent consumer reactions including highly polarized discussions on social media that result in negative electronic word-of-mouth, little is known about the underlying consumer intentions. Thus, drawing from the literature of brand activism and electronic word-of-mouth intentions this study investigates dominant themes underlying consumer comments towards brand activism campaigns. Based on a qualitative content analysis of 2,627 YouTube comments across three brand activism campaigns, the study suggests social interaction, lack of brand authenticity, misinterpretation of the message, personal beliefs, and perceived limitation of free speech as factors influencing negative electronic word-ofmouth intentions towards brand activism on social media. Thereby, the study adds to the so far limited literature of brand activism research from the consumer point of view and contributes to a better understanding of negative electronic word-of-mouth intentions.
The online direct-to-consumer (D2C) strategy, which aims to create an extensive brand experience through direct contact with consumers, has become increasingly widespread in recent years. However, this strategy presents a notable research gap in academic literature. As such, the purpose of this thesis is to investigate how a brand experience is (co-)created via an online D2C strategy used by fashion brands and how it is manifested by consumers. Based on a literature review, consumer interviews are used to create a qualitative research approach, which results in the development of a model that extends previous research. This method reveals that brand experience is co-created at three levels (culture & market, collective, individual) which are influenced by different factors, with brand stimuli being particularly important in terms of an online D2C strategy. Furthermore, consumer responses are identified assensory, affective, intellectual, behavioural, and relational, with each dimension having specific components. A systematic consideration of all levels and a profound understanding of the dimensions is shown to be a necessary managerial implication.
This paper deals with the concept of brand activism, which is becoming increasingly important in today's world. Brand activism refers to the positioning of a company towards the socio-political problems of its customers. If these problems correspond to the values of a company, it may express itself and become socio-politically active. In the context of this master’s thesis, quantitative research was conducted to investigate whether the predominant decision-making type in the company, the type of the company, the size of the company but also its organizational structure has an influence on whether a company may take a stand. In an online survey, 151 brand managers and company owners were asked about the procedures in their companies regarding the factors already mentioned above. This master's thesis provides important approaches to help marketing managers within companies to understand the importance of decision-making in context with taking a socio-political stand through brand activism. Furthermore, the author of this thesis highlights further research aspects in connection with brand activism.
Implementing digital content marketing campaigns with marketing automation in global B2B companies
(2023)
Digital marketing has long been the norm and new channels, formats, processes, and tools are constantly emerging. Nowadays customers demand more and more content to enable them to make better-informed purchase decisions. As a result, digitalization has led to increased transparency and distribution of content. This makes digital marketing campaigns more complex but with the help of marketing automation marketers can work more efficiently, saving time and resources. However, there is no research so far that investigates those aspects in a B2B environment. Hence, the aim of this thesis is to answer the research question “How do global B2B companies implement digital content marketing campaigns with marketing automation?”. The theoretical part of this master thesis covers various aspects of B2B marketing, digital marketing campaigns, content marketing, and marketing automation. The insights from the literature review helped to create a conceptual model of the implementation process of digital content marketing campaigns, which also serves as a starting point for empirical research. To answer the question qualitative expert interviews were conducted. The empirical results and the emerging theoretical model show that global B2B companies can gain a competitive advantage by improving the efficiency and effectiveness of their digital content marketing campaigns when leveraging marketing automation in the implementation process.
Literature finds that, despite the various benefits cited, formal processes for the design of services are not often used in manufacturing companies. This finding leads to the research question about the interaction of employees with service design processes, and how this relates to the other struggles faced by those employees in service innovation. A literature review and case study were performed in order to answer the research question. The literature review gave a theoretical background of the topic at hand and provided a basis for the case study analysis. A survey was developed with a mix of single choice, multiple choice, and open questions. Answers from 13 respondents representing nine companies were analyzed. It was found that the usage of service design methods, frameworks, or processes have benefits and help to solve challenges in service innovation. Respondents in the case study have generally positive views of service design methods, frameworks, or processes, and, although their usage is sporadic, respondents do not see the lack of methods, frameworks, or processes in service design to be a top challenge for accomplishing service innovation. While this case study has a small sample size and is limited in scope to manufacturing companies with a presence in the Styrian market, it can open the door to future research into the use of methods, frameworks, or processes in service design and their role in solving challenges faced by manufacturing companies transitioning into the service market.