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Market Entry Concept for the US Beauty & Personal Care Market on the Example of Luxury Cosmetics Ltd
(2022)
The theoretical and practical aspects of the internationalisation of small companies and the market entrance into the American Beauty and Personal Care industry are presented in this thesis. This thesis aims to create a market entry concept for Luxury Cosmetics Ltd, a Croatian beauty company based in the coastal city of Rijeka. The company hopes to grow its operations outside of Europe using the sugar paste brand called Cleopatra Professional. As a result, the concept focuses on the beauty and personal care industry in the United States and the internationalisation of small and medium-sized enterprises. Additionally, the aim of the thesis is to select the most appropriate market entry mode and communication activities that accompany the entry mode. To acquire further information, a secondary and primary research were conducted based on the literature. In the primary research, eight experts in the field of internationalisation and seven experts in the field of communication participated in the study. The market entry concept is based on the literature and findings of the primary and secondary market research. It follows the phases that are established in strategic marketing and provides recommendations on the chosen market entry mode and the communication activities. The findings in this thesis show that the most appropriate market entry mode would be direct export in form of distributors.
The past two years have shown the importance of online retail for companies worldwide. Alongside the trend towards increasing online shopping activities, the importance of online advertising also rose drastically. Therefore, the competition in the field of online advertising experienced a tremendous upswing. Thus, companies need to improve the efficiency of their online advertising measures and specifically tailor them towards the target audience. The so-called full funnel advertising is a popular tool to reach potential customers along all steps of their customer journey and to specifically target and retarget the right audiences. As Cosmeterie lacks such an advertising concept at the moment, the aim of this master thesis is to develop a full funnel social media advertising concept for Cosmeterie in the UK. Therefore, the first part of this thesis will focus on the theoretical background of the cosmetics market and social media advertising in general. For this purpose, the characteristics of the cosmetics market and its target group are discussed in detail. Moreover, social media advertising is described with regards to its goals, characteristics and current trends in the cosmetics industry. Additionally, several social media advertising platforms are reviewed, as well as the targeting and advertising possibilities on the individual platforms. Following, the use of the marketing funnel in social media advertising is elaborated. As a result, a general valid social media advertising concept will be developed, based on the results of the literary research. Within the practical part, a SWOT analysis, a social media advertising audit and a target group analysis is conducted. To find out how to best address potential customers, a quantitative survey amongst them has been carried out. As a result, the afore gained insights are bundled and a full funnel social media advertising concept is developed for Cosmeterie in the UK including measures of action, budget, timetable and controlling. The implementation of the advertising concept should support Cosmeterie in reaching their company objectives of increasing the retargeting audience in the UK as well as the number of active customers.
Due to increasing globalisation and the growing trade volume associated with it, many companies are forced to develop internationally and enter new markets. An international market entry can lead to the desired success of many companies. However, this is associated with risks and costs. Especially for small companies, this step is very daring and presents them with great challenges due to their lack of international experience. Therefore, it is crucial to plan an international market entry well and to develop a systematic market entry concept, which includes a detailed analysis and planning phase, as well as a subsequent implementation and control phase. In the context of this master thesis, a market entry of small and medium-sized enterprises into the clothing market, both in theory and practice, is examined. The aim is to develop a market entry concept for the FoF OG, which wants to enter the Israeli market with the clothing brand Bolao. After the most important findings for developing a market entry concept have been presented by means of extensive literature research, the practical part is based on a qualitative market analysis. For this purpose, 15 expert interviews were conducted with experienced people in the Israeli clothing industry, by companies that have already entered the Israeli market, and with representatives of Footvolley Israel. The experts confirmed the theoretical findings that for a small company like the FoF OG, with few financial and human resources, as well as a lack of access to the Israeli market, direct exporting via a local distributer is the most advisable market entry mode. In this context, it is relevant to find a trustworthy partner in the Israeli market on a long-term basis. In addition, due to increasing competition, it is important to enter the Israeli market as soon as possible in order to position Bolao right in the market and to increase the brand awareness in Israel. For this purpose, a partnership with a footvolley school should be established and a cooperation with local footvolley teams should be started. To achieve the company’s objectives, the branding of a footvolley arena, the translation of Bolao’s website into Hebrew and the targeting of potential customers via social media should be realised. Furthermore, it is a major goal to establish the Bolao Bonus programme on the Israeli market.
The nautical market in Croatia is in constant growth, for which the general reason is a well-developed coastline of more than 5.000 km in length. The waterway infrastructure is being challenged with many potential issues for the environment that comes with the larger presence of the vessels over the summer season period. During this period many accidents are occurring, mostly because of careless skippers, bad weather, or even a combination of both. Therefore, Sea Tow aims to launch the product Sea Spill, a service for cleaning and preventing water pollution from hazardous substances, on the Croatian market. Sea Tow would be the first on-water, towing and salvage private organisation, as a pioneer in providing such innovative service. In relation, this thesis develops the concept for the launch of the service Sea Spill, with a focus on communication within the B2B segment, and aiming for insurance companies as customers. The thesis has three main segments. The first segment is the theoretical part discussing the concept development on a strategic level. The second segment includes the secondary and primary market research approach and results. Finally, the third segment develops the product launch concept suggestion for Sea Spill, based on the previous two thesis segment results. The results of the research suggest that the market is ready for such a service and would be supported by the insurance companies. However, as the Croatian nautical market is small and WoM has great power, it is expected that the acceptance of the state service organizations such as SAR is necessary. The results also suggest that there is a potential in the education of the customers of insurers, as well as raising the environmental awareness. The information collected should be taken into account when developing the communication strategy.
Breweries employ numerous heat-giving processes, especially during brewing and fermentation, so most breweries have industrial ammonia refrigeration plants, which work like classic refrigeration units. There, the gaseous ammonia gets compressed, condensed, and distributed to the applications where heat has to be taken out off. Here an expansion valve reduces pressure so the liquid ammonia can absorb the heat from the process fluid to be cooled, evaporating the liquid ammonia. At this point, the ammonia, carrying latent and sensible heat, is sucked back to the compressors, and the cycle begins again.
This thesis analyses the ammonia refrigeration plant of the brewery Göss, one of the largest breweries in Austria, which requires about 20% of electrical energy and consumes nearly one quarter of the brewery’s water usage. Currently, rising energy costs necessitate making the refrigeration plant more efficient. Hence, research should investigate the future cooling capacity load of the plant to discover how to make the cooling process operate more efficient. To discover how the system operates, this thesis elaborates on the basic theoretical foundation of refrigeration plants and their thermodynamic fundamental principle.
To create the mentioned forecast, this study examines process recordings and evaluations of the main consumers cooling demand. These selected apparatuses are the external beer cooler, the brew water cooler for cooling the hot wort, which is the beer mixture before the fermentation and the fermentation process itself in two different types of tanks. Using these data, the researcher creates abstracted load forecasts for these consumers to control the delivering pumps of liquid ammonia to the right amount of mass flow.
Subsequently, the process recordings of the fermentation tanks are divided into four different process phases. These stages need various quantities of cooling fluid, and the last stage, the main cooling and draining phase, requires the largest amount of liquid ammonia delivered. Finally, the external beer cooler and brew water cooler are investigated as recurring and evenly ongoing processes so that they are predictable in the cooling load.
In closing, the researched recordings provide an overview and abstracted view of the cooling load required by the selected consumers. Additionally, further investigation could investigate the possibility of controlling distributing pumps to deliver the sufficient amount of refrigerant medium, at the right time, in a more efficient way.
Many small and medium size rock and heavy metal bands and booking companies have been faced with serious economic challenges, even before the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. An ever-increasing number of bands ready to tour, in the limited European key markets, driven to off-set declining physical album sales and small revenue incomes by digital streaming providers, have resulted in a cannibalization of the live touring market, further fuelled by an aging customer segment unable or unwilling to attend live events. The main objective of this thesis is to present a plan of action, on how booking companies and bands can implement new technological opportunities to their current business set-up to enhance customer service and raise fan satisfaction.
The conducted literature analysis provides an insight of the current state of the music industry and the past touring business model including some actual band case studies. It further reports the current and future upcoming technological trends that could become relevant for small and medium size booking companies and bands.
The theoretical result identifies digital streaming and hybrid live events as the most realistic business venue to increase customer numbers and additional revenue streams; particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic and the years that will follow.
A customer survey and a customer focus group workshop were conducted, to identify the most important customer needs. They identified current and future customer obstacles, and hesitations to join a digital event and the success factors, that when applied, result in customer excitement.
The empirical research results provide an opportunity to booking companies and bands to implement various customer needs to increase ticketing and merchandising revenues, while attracting new customers and enhance customer loyalty.
Are Influencers influential?
(2023)
This study investigates the impact of influencer marketing on winter tourism in Austria. The main objectives were to determine whether influencer marketing affects the decision-making process of tourists and whether trust in influencers affects destination choice and leads to changes in travel behavior. The study also aimed to investigate the influence of authenticity, empathy, and closeness on trust in influencers. The data was collected by means of a survey distributed via QR codes in ski resorts. The study used binary logistic regression analysis and linear regression analysis to analyze data collected through a survey. The results suggest that trust in an influencer is an important factor in travel destination choice, but the results were not statistically significant. Overall, this study offers insights into the role of influencer marketing in winter tourism and highlights the importance of trust in the decision-making process of tourists.
Brand Activism
(2023)
In today’s world, capitalism, global warming, pandemic, and political inequality have found their ways in society’s midst and have fuelled each other into an “ecosystem of wicked problems”. This has led brands like Ben & Jerry’s, Patagonia, and Benetton to make it their mission to impact social and environmental issues positively through taking a stand and influencing different points in that ecosystem. These actions can be summarized as brand activism. As Brand Activism is a relatively young field of study, this master thesis aims to investigate the factors influencing consumer perception towards brands participating in socio-political issues using a qualitative research methodology. The author conducted semi-structured interviews with 21 consumers and marketing experts in Austria. The findings include four main factors influencing consumer perception, which are (1) relevance, (2) brand reputation, (3) awareness, and (4) consumer behaviour, leading to the conclusion, that brands that align with consumers' values and beliefs, and are perceived as authentic, consistent, impactful, and relevant, are viewed positively. This study contributes valuable insights for managers seeking to engage in social and political issues effectively. The findings offer a basis for future research and the development of a propositions. The thesis highlights the importance of Brand Activism and provides guidance for managers to create more thoughtful and targeted responses to consumer needs.
This master thesis discusses AI technologies and applications such as ChatGPT and their potential implications for professional copywriters. More specifically, this study seeks to clarify whether ChatGPT is a threat to the copywriter's profession or merely serves as a helpful tool in the creative process. The literature review carried out indicates the importance of creativity in advertising and its potential role in influencing consumer perception and behaviour. Thus, the research goal addressed in this study is to compare consumer perceptions of AI-generated and human-written advertising copy in terms of creativity. Based on prior research, it was expected that human intervention has a positive impact on the evaluation of (creative) output (H1). Furthermore, a positive correlation was assumed between attitudes towards (creative) AI and the evaluation of AIgenerated advertising copy (H2). For the purpose of testing these two hypotheses, an online questionnaire survey with a sample of 75 participants was conducted. The results suggest that the first hypothesis cannot be fully supported by the data. Nevertheless, significant differences were found in the evaluation between the two advertising copies. As for the second hypothesis, there seems to be no positive correlation between attitude towards (creative AI) and the evaluation of AI-generated advertising copy. With the EU AI Act still being drafted and some researchers calling for AI-generated content to be labelled, the findings of this study hold scientific and managerial significance by revealing consumer perceptions of AI-generated copy and providing insights for advertising professionals.
Brand Activism
(2023)
Despite growing attention to brand activism and the divergent consumer reactions including highly polarized discussions on social media that result in negative electronic word-of-mouth, little is known about the underlying consumer intentions. Thus, drawing from the literature of brand activism and electronic word-of-mouth intentions this study investigates dominant themes underlying consumer comments towards brand activism campaigns. Based on a qualitative content analysis of 2,627 YouTube comments across three brand activism campaigns, the study suggests social interaction, lack of brand authenticity, misinterpretation of the message, personal beliefs, and perceived limitation of free speech as factors influencing negative electronic word-ofmouth intentions towards brand activism on social media. Thereby, the study adds to the so far limited literature of brand activism research from the consumer point of view and contributes to a better understanding of negative electronic word-of-mouth intentions.