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This master’s thesis is about post-quantum cryptography. Therefore, it shows how quantum computers differ from traditional computers, what kind of quantum computers do exist, and what strengths they have. But the focus lies on the threat to information security. For this purpose, the paper shows how traditional cryptographic algorithms work and how vulnerable they are against quantum computers. The paper also shows the possible alternatives. This field is called post-quantum cryptography, and these algorithms are resistant against traditional computers and also against quantum computers. In this paper, expert interviews illustrated an outline of the threat and where it is mandatory to react. At least the results are applied to an IT system in the health sector, and it is analyzed how vulnerable it would be against quantum computers.